Demystify Your Startup Equity & Taxes
Simulate stock options (ISOs/NSOs), RSUs, AMT tax liabilities, and future dilution events in real-time. Make data-driven decisions before your next liquidity event.
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Incentive Stock Options (ISOs)
ISOs qualify for special tax treatment. No ordinary income tax is due at exercise. However, the spread (FMV minus Strike Price) is a preference item for the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT). If you hold the shares for 2 years from grant and 1 year from exercise, any gain at sale is taxed at long-term capital gains rates.
Non-Qualified Options (NSOs)
NSOs do not qualify for special tax treatment. Upon exercise, the spread between the current FMV and your Strike Price is treated as ordinary income and is subject to federal, state, and payroll taxes immediately, regardless of whether you sell the shares or hold them.
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
RSUs are taxed immediately upon vesting. The entire value of the vested shares (Vested Shares multiplied by FMV at vest) is treated as ordinary income. Typically, companies perform a "sell-to-cover" transaction to automatically withhold a portion of the shares to pay these taxes.
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